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"In C programming, input functions allow user interaction, while output functions help in displaying meaningful results."

Standard Input and Output Functions

1. printf() - Output Function

The printf() function is used to print output to the console.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}

2. scanf() - Input Function

The scanf() function is used to take user input.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int age;
printf("Enter your age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);
printf("Your age is: %d\n", age);
return 0;
}

Formatted Input and Output

Format specifiers are used in printf() and scanf() to specify the type of data.

Other Input and Output Functions

1. gets() and puts()

gets() is used for taking a string input, while puts() prints a string.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char name[50];
printf("Enter your name: ");
gets(name);
puts("Hello, ");
puts(name);
return 0;
}

2. fgets() and fputs()

fgets() is a safer alternative to gets(), and fputs() prints a string.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char name[50];
printf("Enter your name: ");
fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);
fputs("Hello, ", stdout);
fputs(name, stdout);
return 0;
}

3. getchar() and putchar()

getchar() reads a single character, while putchar() prints a single character.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch;
printf("Enter a character: ");
ch = getchar();
printf("You entered: ");
putchar(ch);
return 0;
}

Why Use Different I/O Functions?

• printf() and scanf() - Used for basic input and output.
• puts() and gets() - Used for handling strings.
• fgets() and fputs() - Safer alternatives for handling strings.
• getchar() and putchar() - Used for single character input/output.

Mastering input and output functions in C will help you develop interactive and user-friendly programs! 🚀

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